Physiology and effects on human tissue

Ultrasound application on human tissue causes high frequency cellular and intercellular massage action. The tissue radiated with ultrasound starts to vibrate and consequently produces heat and expends energy. Main effects of electrostimulation: Principali effetti dell’elettrostimolazione

1. Training the neuromuscular system to respond adequately during voluntary and involuntary exertion by supplying active contraction (isometric, concentric, and eccentric) and consequent articular movement which allows a proprioceptive feedback.
   
   
2. Modification of the pain by the gate control mechanism or descending inhibition mechanisms (production of endogenous opioids)
   
   
3. Control or reduction of spasticity through the stimulation of agonists (contraction-relaxation), antagonists (reciprocal inhibition), or sensor motor inhibition
   
   
4. Provides for the transdermic release of medicinal substances in the skin (iontophoresis)
   
   
5. Improves or maintains articular mobility by mechanical stretching of the muscles or connective tissue, or reduces obstructions to movement caused by neuromuscular dysfunction (e.g. spasticity), pain, or oedema
   
   
6. Favours the healing of wounds by increasing local circulation, creating a bactericide effect, or altering the electric charge in the damaged area
   
   
7. Delays or heals the oedema through muscular pump action or the effect of the electric charge on the interstitial proteins (electric field phenomena)
   

Work protocols